Article last updated: October 15, 2024
Quaternium-78, also known by its chemical name 1-Propanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N-[2-(2-aminoethyl)aminoethyl]-, N’,N”-(mixed octadecanoyl and hexadecanoyl) derivs., ethyl sulfates (salts) (1:1), is a synthetic compound primarily used in the cosmetic industry. This ingredient is a type of quaternary ammonium compound, which is a class of chemicals known for their conditioning and antistatic properties. Quaternium-78 is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling agents.
The history of Quaternium-78 in cosmetics dates back to the mid-20th century when chemists began exploring the benefits of quaternary ammonium compounds for personal care products. These compounds were found to be particularly effective in reducing static electricity in hair and improving its manageability and softness. Over the years, Quaternium-78 has been refined and optimized for use in a variety of formulations, making it a popular choice for modern hair care products.
The production of Quaternium-78 involves a series of chemical reactions that combine various organic molecules. The process typically starts with the synthesis of the base compound, which is then modified through a series of steps to introduce the desired functional groups. These modifications often involve the addition of fatty acid chains, such as octadecanoyl and hexadecanoyl groups, which enhance the conditioning properties of the final product. The resulting compound is then neutralized with ethyl sulfates to form the final Quaternium-78 ingredient used in cosmetics.
In this section, we will delve into the officially recognized cosmetic benefits and uses of Quaternium-78:
One of the primary benefits of Quaternium-78 is its antistatic property. This means it helps to reduce or eliminate static electricity in hair. If you’ve ever experienced frizzy hair or those annoying flyaways, Quaternium-78 can be a lifesaver. By neutralizing the electrical charges on the hair surface, it makes your hair smoother and easier to manage. This is particularly useful in dry climates or during the winter months when static electricity tends to be more of an issue.
Quaternium-78 is also recognized for its hair conditioning capabilities. This means it helps to improve the texture and appearance of your hair. It works by forming a thin, protective layer on the hair shaft, which helps to lock in moisture and make the hair feel softer and more supple. This can be especially beneficial for those with dry or damaged hair, as it helps to restore some of the lost moisture and vitality. Additionally, it can make detangling easier, reducing breakage and making your hair look healthier overall.
Note: the listed benefits above are exclusively based on the officially recognized and defined functions of the ingredient, as documented by the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI).
Quaternium-78 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic products, but like any ingredient, it may cause side effects in some individuals. Here are some potential side effects of topical application of this ingredient:
Regarding individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, data and research on the topical usage of Quaternium-78 during pregnancy and breastfeeding are lacking. Therefore, it is recommended that they consult a healthcare professional for further advice.
Adverse reactions to Quaternium-78 are relatively uncommon, but they can occur. To minimize the risk of an adverse reaction, it is advisable to conduct a patch test before widespread usage.
Quaternium-78 has a comedogenic rating of 1, which means it is considered to be minimally comedogenic. This is good news for individuals prone to acne, blemishes, or breakouts, as it is unlikely to clog pores or exacerbate these conditions.
